The N-end rule pathway is a proteolytic system involving the destabilization of N-terminal
amino acids, known as N-degrons, which are recognized by N-recognins. Dysregulation of …

A wide variety of RNAs encode small open-reading-frame (smORF/sORF) peptides, but their
functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that Drosophila polished-rice (pri) sORF …

Throughout the last century, studies using the fruit fly have contributed to the discovery of
many key genetic elements that control animal development. Recent work has shed light on …

To achieve a highly differentiated state, cells undergo multiple transcriptional processes
whose coordination and timing are not well understood. In Drosophila embryonic epidermal …

Background Insects living in nutritionally poor environments often establish long-term
relationships with intracellular bacteria that supplement their diets and improve their …

An individual's gene expression profile changes throughout their life. This change in gene
expression is shaped by differences in physiological needs and functions between the …

Cell death and inflammation are ancient processes of fundamental biological importance in
both normal physiology and human disease pathologies. The recent observation that …

To compensate for accumulating damages and cell death, adult homeostasis (eg, body
fluids and secretion) requires organ regeneration, operated by long-lived stem cells. How …

The last decade witnesses the emergence of the abundant family of smORF peptides,
encoded by small ORF (< 100 codons), whose biological functions remain largely …

Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding 'micropeptides' exhibit remarkable
evolutionary complexity. Conserved peptides encoded by mille-pattes (mlpt)/polished rice …