The purpose of this comprehensive review is to: 1) review the physiology of sweat gland
function and mechanisms determining the amount and composition of sweat excreted onto …

Athletes lose water and electrolytes as a consequence of thermoregulatory sweating during
exercise and it is well known that the rate and composition of sweat loss can vary …

Objective: To present evidence-based recommendations that promote optimized fluid-
maintenance practices for physically active individuals. Background: Both a lack of adequate …

Objective To present best-practice recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and
treatment of exertional heat illnesses (EHIs) and to describe the relevant physiology of …

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a true medical emergency with potential for organ injury and
death. This consensus statement emphasizes that optimal exertional heat illness …

Sweat losses in team sports can be significant due to repeated bursts of high-intensity
activity, as well as the large body size of athletes, equipment and uniform requirements, and …

Cognitive function defines performance in objective tasks that require conscious mental
effort. Extreme environments, namely heat, hypoxia, and cold can all alter human cognitive …

Personalized hydration strategies play a key role in optimizing the performance and safety of
athletes during sporting activities. Clinicians should be aware of the many physiological …

When athletes, warfighters, and laborers perform intense exercise in the heat, the risk of
exertional heat stroke (EHS) is ever present. The recent data regarding the fatalities due to …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? Exertional heat stroke epidemiology in sport
and military settings, along with common risk factors and strategies and policies designed to …