Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the
immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an …

Melatonin is a hormone with endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions. It is involved in the
regulation of multiple functions, including the control of the gastrointestinal (GI) system under …

Epidemiological studies have implicated stress (psychosocial and physical) as a trigger of
first onset or exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms of which visceral pain …

Melatonin is an indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland along with other
extrapineal sources including immune system cells, the brain, skin and the gastrointestinal …

The intensity of pain sensation exhibits marked day and night variations. Since the intensity
of pain perception is low during dark hours of the night when melatonin levels are high, this …

Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland as well as many other organs, including the
enterochromaffin cells of the digestive mucosa. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that …

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered to be multifactorial and
includes psychosocial factors, visceral hypersensitivity, infection, microbiota and immune …

Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In
contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and …

A non-invasive, auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) has been
suggested to modulate central pain pathways. We investigated the effects of BRIDGE® …

Background Abdominal pain frequently accompanies inflammatory disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and animal models of GIT inflammation have been developed to …