The refracted, reflected, and scattered signals from global navigation satellite systems
(GNSSs) have been successfully used for remote sensing (RS) of the Earth's surface and …

Abstract The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), including the US's GPS, China's
BDS, the European Union's Galileo, and Russia's GLONASS, offer real-time, all-weather …

Abstract Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) data are widely recognized
for their sensitivity to inland water bodies. However, the detection of water bodies using …

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-interferometric reflectometry technique has
been applied to retrieve snow depth, which has a high potential for application. The GNSS …

Currently, soil moisture (SM) is mostly measured by conventional contact methods, such as
dry weighing and time domain reflectometry (TDR). Global navigation satellite system …

The escalating water pollution in many lakes has led to more frequent occurrences of algal
bloom disasters in recent decades. The severity of these disasters can be assessed through …

Measurements of grazing angle GNSS-R ocean reflections combined with meteorological
troposphere data are used for retrieval of ocean wave heights and surface roughness …

Inland water level and its dynamics are key components in the global water cycle and land
surface hydrology, significantly influencing climate variability and water resource …

As an emerging observational method, spaceborne global navigation satellite system-
reflectometry (GNSS-R) has been applied recently for significant wave height (SWH) …

The stable flight of drones relies on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However,
in complex environments, GNSS signals are prone to interference, leading to flight …