Multisystem autoimmune rheumatic diseases are heterogeneous rare disorders associated
with substantial morbidity and mortality. Efforts to create international consensus within the …

There is growing evidence that preceding the diagnosis or classification of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), patients undergo a preclinical phase of disease where markers of …

Rationale: The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International
Consensus Classification panel identified the clinical entity idiopathic nonspecific interstitial …

Pulmonary complications in CTD are common and can involve the interstitium, airways,
pleura and pulmonary vasculature. ILD can occur in all CTD (CTD‐ILD), and may vary from …

The term undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) refers to unclassifiable systemic
autoimmune diseases which share clinical and serological manifestations with definite …

Systemic sclerosis, scleroderma (SSc) is a disabling condition that shortens life expectancy.
Disease heterogeneity and difficulties separating SSc from SSc-like conditions make …

Objective Specific events that occur during the development of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) can be quite variable among individual patients. The aim of this study …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical
manifestations that can potentially affect every organ and system. SLE is usually identified …

The most common clinical manifestations of mixed connective disease are Raynaud's
phenomenon, arthralgias, swollen joints, esophageal dysfunction, muscle weakness and …

Early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) may allow the start of treatment that could slow
disease progression. For this reason early diagnosis of the disease is of pivotal importance …