Abstract The North China Craton (NCC) is the largest craton on the Chinese Mainland, with
3.8–3.0 Ga rocks occurring mainly in three areas, namely: Anshan-Benxi (Anben), eastern …

The process that generated the continental crust has long been debated. One school argues
that, through most of geological time, the crust formed at convergent margins like most …

The Earth's interior and surficial systems underwent dramatic changes during the
Paleoproterozoic, but the interaction between them remains poorly understood. Rocks …

Exploring the nature of Archean plate tectonics is crucial for understanding the geodynamic
evolution of early Earth. While previous studies have focused on (ultra-) mafic metavolcanic …

The composition and origin of Earth's earliest continental crust remains enigmatic due to the
absence of Hadean (> 4 Ga) age rocks. Here we address this question by using machine …

The concept of cyclic closure and opening of oceans along the same crustal scar was
introduced by JT Wilson (1966) based on the example of the Atlantic Ocean and its …

The structural framework of the Alto Pajeú Terrane, Borborema Province (NE Brazil) records
a complex tectonic evolution related to the Neoproterozoic amalgamation of Western …

The crust of the Kaapvaal craton accreted throughout the Archaean over nearly 1 billion
years. It provides a unique example of the various geological processes that shape Earth's …

Although< 7% of the continental crust with the ages older than 2.5 Ga is preserved today, the
long-lived continental crust can be served as a long-term archive, unravelling the Earth …

During the first billion years of Earth's history (4.6–3.6 Ga), geological events such as
accretion, differentiation, and impacts played a crucial role in directing Earth towards a …