The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) worldwide has rapidly increased over the
past few decades. Thus, in addition to the classical risk factors for ADs, such as genetic …

Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17
cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory …

Autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and
rheumatoid arthritis, have distinct clinical presentations but share underlying patterns of gut …

While intestinal Th17 cells are critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, recent studies
have implicated their roles in the development of extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

During the past decade, research has revealed that the vast community of micro-organisms
that inhabit the gut—known as the gut microbiota—is intricately linked to human health and …

Objective This study was undertaken to investigate the gut microbiome in progressive
multiple sclerosis (MS) and how it relates to clinical disease. Methods We sequenced the …

Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microorganisms have a pathogenic role in
autoimmune diseases, including in multiple sclerosis. Studies of experimental autoimmune …

Background Dysregulation of gut microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolism has been
observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, defining direct mechanistic links …

Background: Several studies suggested an important role of the gut microbiota in the
pathophysiology of neurological disorders, implying that alteration of the gut microbiota …