Substance P is a peptide mainly secreted by neurons and is involved in many biological
processes, including nociception and inflammation. Animal models have provided insights …

The identification and characterization of regulatory T (TReg) cells that can control immune
responsiveness to alloantigens have opened up exciting opportunities for new therapies in …

Corneal transplantation is the most successful solid organ transplantation performed in
humans. The extraordinary success of orthotopic corneal allografts, in both humans and …

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones,
collectively called melanocortin peptides, exert multiple effects upon the host. These effects …

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-
, β-, γ-MSH), collectively known as melanocortins, together with their receptors (melanocortin …

Allografts are afforded a level of protection from rejection within immune-privileged tissues.
Immune-privileged tissues involve mechanisms that suppress inflammation and promote …

Melanocortin peptides, the collective term for α‐, β‐, and γ‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone
(α‐, β‐, γ‐MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), are elements of an ancient …

The induction of antigen-specific tolerance is essential to maintain immune homeostasis,
control autoreactive T cells, prevent the onset of autoimmune diseases and achieve …

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH1–39) and the melanocortins (α, β and γ-melanocyte-
stimulating hormone [MSH]) are derived from a larger precursor molecule known as the pro …

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and its binding receptors (the melanocortin
receptors) play important roles in maintaining ocular tissue integrity and immune …