The pineal gland (Glandula Pinealis) was first described by the Greek medical physician,
surgeon and philosopher Galen (131 CE-201 CE). He named the gland from the …

Background Breast augmentation can cause severe postoperative pain; therefore, some
surgeons perform wound infiltration with a local anesthetic solution. This study investigated …

Objectives: The pectoral nerves (Pecs) II block is a technique that places local anesthetic
between the thoracic muscles to block the axillary and breast regions. This study aimed to …

Precision medicine, or the individualization of evidence-based medicine, is forthcoming. As
surgeons, we must be prepared for the integration of patient and system factors. Plastic …

Background Pectoral nerve blocks have been proposed for analgesia during and after
breast cancer surgery, but data are conflicted in aesthetic breast surgery. This trial tested the …

Background: Traditionally, narcotics have been used for analgesia after breast surgery.
However, these agents have unpleasant side effects. Intercostal nerve blockade is an …

Background and objective: Pectoral nNerve (PECS) block type-1 is an Ultrasound (US)-
guided interfacial block that can be performed for postoperative analgesia management …

Background PECS type-1 block, a US-guided superficial interfacial block, provides effective
analgesia after breast surgery. Aesthetic breast augmentation is one of the most common …

Background and objectives: PECS I block was first described for surgery involving the
pectoralis muscles. No randomized clinical trial has been conducted on surgeries that …

Introduction Prosthetic breast surgery is a very common plastic surgery procedure, but its
postoperative analgesic management is a challenge for the surgical team. The purpose of …