Metabolic reprogramming has been widely recognized as a hallmark of malignancy. The
uptake and metabolism of amino acids are aberrantly upregulated in many cancers that …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in proliferating cells
subjected to different stresses. Senescence is, therefore, a cellular defense mechanism that …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown
unprecedented clinical activity in several types of cancer and are rapidly transforming the …

The contribution of nerves to the pathogenesis of malignancies has emerged as an
important component of the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that …

A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune
system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-
ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 provide deep and durable …

Assessment of the immune response to tumors is growing in importance as the prognostic
implications of this response are increasingly recognized, and as immunotherapies are …

Purpose Ipilimumab increases antitumor T-cell responses by binding to cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte antigen 4. We evaluated treatment with ipilimumab in asymptomatic or minimally …

Background Advanced prostate cancer remains one of the most common and deadly
cancers, despite advances in treatment options. Immunotherapy has provided little benefit to …