In the last decade, the concept of grid-forming (GFM) converters has been introduced for
microgrids and islanded power systems. Recently, the concept has been proposed for use in …

This paper surveys current literature on modeling methods, control techniques, protection
schemes, applications, and real-world implementations pertaining to grid forming inverters …

The renewable energy sources (RESs) dominated power grid is an envisaged infrastructure
of the future power system, where the commonly used grid following (GFL) control for grid …

This paper presents an overview of the synchronization stability of converter-based
resources under a wide range of grid conditions. The general grid-synchronization …

There is an increasing interest and research effort focused on the analysis, design and
implementation of distributed control systems for AC, DC and hybrid AC/DC microgrids. It is …

Driven by the large-scale integration of distributed power resources, grid-connected voltage-
source converters (VSCs) are increasingly required to operate as grid-forming units to …

The electric power system is currently undergoing a period of unprecedented changes.
Environmental and sustainability concerns lead to replacement of a significant share of …

The grid-forming and grid-following controls are adopted in three-phase voltage source
converters according to different grid conditions. However, the basic operation principle of …

This survey paper discusses the fundamentals of power systems modelling in the presence
of large amounts of converter-interfaced generation (CIG). By referring to real-life events …

In this paper, different control approaches for grid-forming inverters are discussed and
compared with the grid-forming properties of synchronous machines. Grid-forming inverters …