This review, focusing on work using animals, updates a theoretical approach whose aim is
to translate neuropsychological ideas about the psychological and anatomical organization …

Several magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported hippocampal volume reduction
in patients with schizophrenia, but other studies have reported contrasting results. In this …

When new learning occurs against the background of established prior knowledge, relevant
new information can be assimilated into a schema and thereby expand the knowledge base …

Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) is a key concept in developing our understanding of
cue-controlled behaviours. Here we have reviewed the literature on behavioural and …

The cerebral cortex performs computations via numerous six-layer modules. The operational
dynamics of these modules were studied primarily in early sensory cortices using bottom-up …

Statistical learning refers to the ability to extract regularities from the environment over time.
Sensitivity to environmental statistics is a pervasive property of the brain that operates over …

The ability to learn novel items depends on brain functions that store information about items
classified by their associated meanings and outcomes,,–, but the underlying neural circuit …

The primate brain features specialized areas devoted to processing of faces, which human
imaging studies localized in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and ventral temporal cortex …

The primary motor cortex has an important role in the precise execution of learned motor
responses. During motor learning, synaptic efficacy between sensory and primary motor …

Voluntary episodic memories require an intentional memory search, whereas involuntary
episodic memories come to mind spontaneously without conscious effort. Cognitive …