Due to natural effects (stone aging), human factors and other reasons, stone relics,
especially open-air stone relics, have suffered varying degrees of damage. Therefore …

This research work presents the design of a transparent-hydrophobic hybrid semi-crystalline
SiO2–TiO2 coating and its application in the field of monument conservation. The SiO2 …

Four types of carbonate stones and three consolidation products were used in a systematic
study to assess the influence of the application procedures on the amount of product …

Surface treatment is an effective way to protect existing historic concrete architectures from
decay. Silane-based products could be considered as efficient protective materials to …

For consolidation of weathered carbonate materials (such as marble, limestone and lime-
based mortars) no fully satisfactory treatment currently exists. In this paper, an innovative …

A novel inorganic consolidant has recently been proposed for the treatment of carbonate
stones used in architectural and cultural heritage. The consolidant is an aqueous solution of …

This study explored the effectiveness of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a Portland cement
mortar consolidant to verify whether it meets the requirements for use in cultural assets …

Porous bioclastic limestones of small pore radii and sandy limestones of large pore radii
were treated with silicon-based strengthening products, such as tetraethoxysilane, elastified …

In the present study, the consolidation effectiveness of some inorganic nanoparticles
dispersions (silica, calcium hydroxide, and strontium hydroxide) has been evaluated when …

The use of chemical materials to protect ancient stone relics is an effective method to
prevent their weathering in outdoor conditions. At present, the typical materials for stone …