Membrane fouling is currently a significant constraint on reverse osmosis (RO) processes,
and little is known about the fouling characteristics in winter. In this paper, RO membranes …

Improved integrity of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for pathogenic microorganisms can
enhance the microbiological safety of potable water reuse. This study aimed to produce a …

Bacterial removal by sand filtration system is commonly inefficient due to the low bacterial
adsorption capacity of sand. To improve the bacterial removal performance, biochar …

The use of advanced membrane processes, such as reverse osmosis (RO) are of great
importance for process water and drinking water production. As the water quality is bound to …

Potable water reuse has become a key component of water sustainability planning in arid
regions. Many advanced water purification facilities use reverse osmosis (RO) as part of …

Desalination technology based on Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane filtration has been
resorted to provide high-quality drinking water. RO produced drinking water is characterized …

The use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been expanding not only to medical
applications but also to water supply and reclaimed water applications due to its strong …

Ensuring the microbiological safety of drinking water is critical to protect public health. This
study aimed to evaluate the reliability of real-time bacteriological counter coupled with an …

From the water source to the produced drinking water, water treatment plants have
developed different treatment trains to deliver quality drinking water. However, many …

Due to limited water sources, the industrial and municipal wastewaters should be reused
and and can be used again after suitable treatment processes. In order to use effectively the …