Conspectus Nature provides abundant inspiration and elegant paradigms for the
development of smart materials that can actuate, morph, and move on demand. One …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have garnered significant attention as a versatile class of soft
actuators. Introducing anisotropic properties, and shape-change programmability to …

A variety of soft, hydrogel-like materials with sophisticated micro-and nanoengineered
ordered structures that offer excellent functionalities exist in nature. Conventional synthetic …

Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …

Abstract Poly (2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) and its copolymer hydrogels
are typical polyelectrolyte gels with extremely high swelling capacity that are widely used in …

Many living organisms have amazing control over their color, shape, and morphology for
camouflage, communication, and even reproduction in response to interplay between …

There is ever-increasing interest yet grand challenge in developing programmable
untethered soft robotics. Here we address this challenge by applying the asymmetric …

Venus flytrap and bladderwort, capable of rapid predation through a snapping transition,
have inspired various designs of soft actuators and robots with fast actions. These designs …

Abstract Development of stimuli‐responsive materials with complex practical functions is
significant for achieving bioinspired artificial intelligence. It is challenging to fabricate stimuli …