Anxiety often is studied as a stand-alone construct in laboratory models. But in the context of
coping with real-life anxiety, its negative impacts extend beyond aversive feelings and …

Animals infer when and where a reward is available from experience with informative
sensory stimuli and their own actions. In vertebrates, this is thought to depend upon the …

Decisions occur in dynamic environments. In the framework of reinforcement learning, the
probability of performing an action is influenced by decision variables. Discrepancies …

Telling time is fundamental to many forms of learning and behavior, including the
anticipation of rewarding events. Although the neural mechanisms underlying timing remain …

Addiction is a disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and consumption
observed in 20–30% of users. An addicted individual will favor drug reward over natural …

Sensory detection tasks enhance representations of behaviorally meaningful stimuli in
primary auditory cortex (A1). However, it remains unclear how A1 encodes decision-making …

Avoiding stimuli that predict danger is required for survival. However, avoidance can
become maladaptive in individuals who overestimate threat and thus avoid safe situations …

During navigation, hippocampal spatial maps are thought to interact with action-planning
systems in other regions of cortex. We here report a key role for spike-time coordination in …

Model-free learning enables an agent to make better decisions based on prior experience
while representing only minimal knowledge about an environment's structure. It is generally …

The ability to change behavioural strategies in the face of a changing world has been linked
to the integrity of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function in several species. While …