The deleterious effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels on glucose
homeostasis are referred to as lipotoxicity, and the concurrent exposure to high glucose may …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Insulin is the paramount anabolic hormone, promoting carbon energy deposition in the
body. Its synthesis, quality control, delivery, and action are exquisitely regulated by highly …

Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

Insulin is produced by pancreatic β-cells, and once released to the blood, the hormone
stimulates glucose uptake and suppresses glucose production. Defects in both the …

Glucagon is released from pancreatic α-cells to activate pathways that raise blood glucose.
Its secretion is regulated by α-cell-intrinsic glucose sensing and paracrine control through …

Abstract The cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+] cyt) regulates a vast number of
cellular functions, including insulin secretion from beta cells. The major physiological insulin …

Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are key regulators in a number of cellular
functions, including actin cytoskeleton remodeling and vesicle traffic. Traditionally, Rho …

Harnessing the translational potential of the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in pancreatic beta cells
has led to the development of established GLP-1R-based therapies for the long-term …

Recent developments suggest that increased glucagon and decreased somatostatin
secretion from the pancreas contribute to hyperglycaemia in type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients …