Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and …

Carotenoids are a class of natural, fat-soluble pigments found principally in plants. They
have potential antioxidant biological properties because of their chemical structure and …

The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina into the brain. In
mammals, these cells are not able to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, leaving …

Tanshinone IIA (tan), a derivative of phenanthrenequinone, is one of the key components of
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Previous reports showed that tan inhibited the apoptosis of …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes endow epithelial cells with enhanced
migratory/invasive properties and are therefore likely to contribute to tumor invasion and …

Xanthophylls constitute a major part of carotenoids in nature. They are an oxidized version
of carotenoid. Xanthophyll has widely drawn scientists' attentions in terms of its functionality …

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemia/hypoxia, a
complication of ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of …

Purpose.: Lutein protects retinal neurons by its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties in
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury while its anti-inflammatory effects remain unknown. As …

Lutein is a dietary carotenoid preferentially accumulated in the eye and the brain in early life
and throughout the life span. Lutein accumulation in areas of high metabolism and oxidative …

A long-standing yet controversial bioactivity attributed to polyphenols is their beneficial
effects in vision. Although anecdotal case reports and in vitro research studies provide …