Simple Summary Research has shown that an animal's welfare is highly dependent on how
various individual animal factors (eg, species traits, genetics, temperament and previous …

The provision of environmental enrichment (EE) for laboratory rats is recommended in
European guidelines governing laboratory animal welfare. It is believed the EE …

Animal welfare is a key issue for industries that use or impact upon animals. The accurate
identification of welfare states is particularly relevant to the field of bioscience, where the …

In the previous chapters, we discussed the way that the welfare of cattle can be affected by
how they are housed and fed as well as by the short-term procedures that are done to them …

Many farm, laboratory, zoo and companion animals experience some form of maternal
deprivation. This is typically via separation from their mothers earlier than would happen in …

Understanding why some species thrive in captivity, while others struggle to adjust, can
suggest new ways to improve animal care. Approximately half of all Psittaciformes, a highly …

Performance of abnormal repetitive behavior (ARB) is noted in many captive wild species.
ARB can be categorized into 2 basic forms: those whose aim appears to be to compulsively …

During the past decade, stereotypic behavior in horses, specifically crib-biting behavior, has
received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Epidemiological and experimental …

Simple Summary Zoos and aquariums have recognized the paramount importance of
animal welfare. Achieving and maintaining the highest possible standards of animal welfare …

Simple Summary Climate change is probably the most important environmental issue of our
time. Raising animals for food contributes to the production of greenhouse gases implicated …