Cloud computing supplies computer services over the Internet, including servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence, to provide quicker innovation …

In this paper, we discuss that blockchain is a decentralized system which provides peer-to-
peer network over which thousands of clients get connected without the involvement of …

Blockchains (BCs) are distributed database systems, popular for their innovative,
unsupervised maintenance process. They use a so-called consensus protocol to prevent …

The wide range of Blockchain (BC) applications and BC's ubiquity come from the fact that
BC, as a collection of records linked to each other, is strongly resistant to alteration …

The Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism used in Bitcoin, along with other concepts,
makes it increasingly popular. In this case, researchers introduce a new quantitative …

Blockchain-based consensus methods such as PoW (Proof of Work) and PoS (Proof of
Stake) are widely used and favored these days, but each has disadvantages. One of the …

In recent years, many core technologies of Industry 4.0 have advanced significantly,
particularly the integration of big data technology and cloud manufacturing (CMfg). The …

We propose Combinatorial Optimization based Consensus Protocol (COCP) that considers
efficient use of energy in Blockchain (BC) consensus protocol based on Proof-of-Useful …

Hash-based Proof-of-Work (PoW) used in the Bitcoin Blockchain leads to high energy
consumption and resource wastage. In this paper, we aim to re-purpose the energy by …

There is a significant drawback associated with blockchain networks in terms of their
processing speed, which is one of the biggest. Due to the fact that sharding has the …