Actuation is essential for artificial machines to interact with their surrounding environment
and to accomplish the functions for which they are designed. Over the past few decades …

Forces generated by cells are critical regulators of cell adhesion, signaling, and function,
and they are also essential drivers in the morphogenetic events of development. Over the …

The ultimate goal of most biomedical research is to gain greater insight into mechanisms of
human disease or to develop new and improved therapies or diagnostics. Although great …

As one of the alternatives for livestock meat production, in vitro culturing of meat is currently
studied. The generation of bio-artificial muscles from satellite cells has been ongoing for …

Skeletal muscles have a robust capacity to regenerate, but under compromised conditions,
such as severe trauma, the loss of muscle functionality is inevitable. Research carried out in …

Combining biological components, such as cells and tissues, with soft robotics can enable
the fabrication of biological machines with the ability to sense, process signals, and produce …

Biohybrid robots are attracting attention as promising candidates to enhance robot
applicability to studies on biological designs and in vitro construction of biological dynamic …

In vitro meat production system is the production of meat outside the food animals by
culturing the stem cells derived from farm animals inside the bioreactor by using advanced …

Repair of damaged skeletal‐muscle tissue is limited by the regenerative capacity of the
native tissue. Current clinical approaches are not optimal for the treatment of large …

Existing in vitro models of human skeletal muscle cannot recapitulate the organization and
function of native muscle, limiting their use in physiological and pharmacological studies …