Tissue clearing of gross anatomical samples was first described more than a century ago
and has only recently found widespread use in the field of microscopy. This renaissance has …

This paper aims to review recent progress in optical clearing of the skin and over naturally
turbid biological tissues and blood using this technique in vivo and in vitro with multiphoton …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the combination of non-toxic dyes called
photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light that interact with ambient oxygen to give …

Summary Three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging techniques can expand our knowledge
about physiological and pathological processes that cannot be fully understood with 2D …

Confocal Raman microscopy has been used to measure depth‐dependent profiles of
porcine skin ex vivo in the high wavenumber region after application of molecular optical …

Treatment using light-activated photosensitizers (photodynamic therapy, PDT) has shown
limited efficacy in pigmented melanoma, mainly due to the poor penetration of light in this …

Significance Skin is the largest organ and also the first barrier of body. Skin diseases are
common, and cutaneous microcirculation is relative to various diseases. Researchers …

This review presents principles and novelties in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC)
technology, as well as application for optical monitoring of drug delivery and effective …

The dominant consequence of irradiating biological systems is cellular damage, yet
microvascular damage begins to assume an increasingly important role as the radiation …

Reconstruction of the vasculature of intact tissues/organs down to the capillary level is
essential for understanding the development and remodeling of vascular networks under …