This study provides a comprehensive review of the efforts utilized in the measurement of
water quality parameters (WQPs) with a focus on total dissolved solids (TDS) and total …

This study provides an overview of the techniques, shortcomings, and strengths of remote
sensing (RS) applications in the effective retrieval and monitoring of water quality …

In this paper, a microwave sensor based on the split ring resonator has been proposed to
detect the real part of the dielectric constant of the liquid sample. The proposed structure …

Water quality is one of the most critical indicators of environmental pollution and it affects all
of us. Water contamination can be accidental or intentional and the consequences are …

In recent years, frequent occurrences of algal blooms due to environmental changes have
posed significant threats to the environment and human health. This paper analyzes the …

Detection of pollutants in water is conventionally performed in wet chemistry labs for
samples that are collected manually. This task is time-consuming, costly, and difficult to …

Controlling water salinity plays a key role in farming efficiency. Current sensors are mostly
expensive and need regular maintenance. In addition, they require electrical connections or …

A new design of teeth gear-circular substrate integrated waveguide (TG-CSIW) sensor to
extract complex permittivity of liquids is suggested in this study. The proposed sensor size is …

The recent advances in energy-efficient electronics and sensor fabrication techniques have
reshaped the way of sensing and communication, which have nurtured many novel …

Lake Mead located in the Arizona–Nevada region of the Mohave Dessert is a unique and
complex water system whose flow follows that of a warm monomictic lake. Although …