Compared with straight tunnels, over-excavation occurs on the inner side of the curved
section during shield construction of small radius curved tunnels, and the disturbance to the …

The pipe roofing method is widely used in tunnel construction because it can realize a
flexible section shape and a large section area of the tunnel, especially under good ground …

In recent tunneling projects, encounters with multi-layered strata have become more
frequent as the desired scale of tunneling increases. Despite substantial practical …

Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are increasingly preferred over conventional tunneling
methods because noise and vibration are minimized, and continuous and repetitive …

In this paper, starting from the foaming amount, half-life and other indicators, the surfactant
with excellent performance is optimized, and the optimal compound ratio and appropriate …

There are several precedents of unintended surface settlements resulting in enormous loss
of costs and time, even if for the rock medium. The expansion of shield tunneling requires …