It is predicted that the continuously increasing demand for the energy-critical element of
lithium will soon exceed its availability, rendering it a geopolitically significant resource. The …

The environmentally friendly ion-exchange membrane (IEM) processes find more and more
applications in the modern industries in order to demineralize, concentrate and modify …

Water reuse is one of the possible solutions to prevent depletion of freshwater resources;
however, it is often limited by the accumulation of specific ions in the recirculating water. Ion …

Nanopores exhibit a set of interesting transport properties that stem from interactions of the
passing ions and molecules with the pore walls. Nanopores are used, for example, as ionic …

For about 60 years, it is known that “limiting current” density does not really limit the current
density in electrodialysis (ED). The use of intensive currents allows one to decrease the area …

The need for large scale energy storage has become a priority to integrate renewable
energy sources into the electricity grid. Redox flow batteries are considered the best option …

The Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Biotechnological
Applications provides detailed information on membrane separation technologies as they …

Electrochemical energy storage systems are considered as one of the most viable solutions
to realize large-scale utilization of renewable energy. Among the various electrochemical …

Usually in electrochemical systems, the direct current densities not exceeding the limiting
current density are applied. However, the recent practice of electrodialysis evidences the …

A crucial parameter for the design and operation of electrodialysis (ED) units is the limiting
current density (LCD). This is often identified with the diffusion-limited current density, which …