Key Points Lead Poisoning Lead exposure among people in the United States has declined
by more than 95% since the 1970s, but the body lead burden is still 10 to 100 times as high …

Background Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, lead is still used worldwide
in several applications, especially in industry. Both environmental and industrial lead …

Objectives Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the global burden of various
diseases resulting from lead exposure is critical for controlling lead pollution and disease …

This article reviews the quasi-experimental literature on lead and fertility, lead and infant
mortality, and lead and infant birth outcomes. It then discusses the relevance of these …

The introduction of complementary foods (CFs) is a critical step in an infant's transition to
solid foods, providing essential nutrients beyond breast milk. However, CFs may contain …

Several strands of research document the life-cycle impacts of lead exposure during the
critical period of children's development. Yet little is known about long-run effects of lead …

Abstract Lead ions (Pb 2+) are among the most prevalent toxic heavy-metal pollutants in
daily human life, particularly in children and pregnant women. Although atomic absorption …

The integrity of fetal membranes enables biological functions that protect the fetus and
maintain the pregnancy. Any compromise in fetal membrane function can predispose a …

Exposure to tropical cyclones during pregnancy can adversely influence neonatal and birth
outcomes, contributing to low birth weight and preterm birth. These outcomes could be …

Lead-formulated aviation gasoline (avgas) is the primary source of lead emissions in the
United States today, consumed by over 170,000 piston-engine aircraft (PEA). The US …