N TRK gene fusions involving either NTRK1, NTRK2 or NTRK3 (encoding the neurotrophin
receptors TRKA, TRKB and TRKC, respectively) are oncogenic drivers of various adult and …

Metastatic progression combined with non-responsiveness towards systemic therapy often
shapes the course of disease for cancer patients and commonly determines its lethal …

Cancer stem cells (CSC) possess abilities generally associated with embryonic or adult
stem cells, especially self-renewal and differentiation. The CSC model assumes that this …

Cancer is now viewed as a stem cell disease. There is still no consensus on the metabolic
characteristics of cancer stem cells, with several studies indicating that they are mainly …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer
deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic …

Activated ALK and ROS1 tyrosine kinases, resulting from chromosomal rearrangements,
occur in a subset of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) as well as other tumor types and …

Nerve dependence has long been described in animal regeneration, where the outgrowth of
axons is necessary to the reconstitution of lost body parts and tissue remodeling in various …

Background Although exosomes, as byproducts of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem
cells (hUC-MSCs), have been demonstrated to be an effective therapy for traumatic spinal …

Studies have reported the vital role of nerves in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
Nerves infiltrate the tumor microenvironment thereby enhancing cancer growth and …

Gene rearrangements resulting in the aberrant activity of tyrosine kinases have been
identified as drivers of oncogenesis in a variety of cancers. The tropomyosin receptor kinase …