Twenty‐five years ago, the Middle‐to‐Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe could be
represented as a straightforward process subsuming both the emergence of symbolic …

A large body of work focuses on the unique aspects of Neanderthal anatomy, inferred
physiology, and behavior to test the assumption that Neanderthals were hyper‐adapted to …

In Western Europe, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is associated with the
disappearance of Neandertals and the spread of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) …

Crucial questions in the debate on the origin of quintessential human behaviours are
whether modern cognition and associated innovations are unique to our species and …

The earliest known personal ornaments come from the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa,
c. 75,000 years ago, and are associated with anatomically modern humans. In Europe, such …

Few Middle Stone Age sites have yielded convincing evidence for a complex bone
technology, a behavior often associated with the emergence of modern cultures. Here, we …

Abstract Around 42,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans appeared in Western
Europe to the detriment of indigenous Neanderthal groups. It is during this period that new …

There is extensive debate concerning the cognitive and behavioral adaptation of
Neanderthals, especially in the period when the earliest anatomically modern humans …

Background The question of whether symbolically mediated behavior is exclusive to modern
humans or shared with anatomically archaic populations such as the Neandertals is hotly …

This paper presents a thermal model for the prehistoric origin and development of clothing.
A distinction is drawn between simple and complex forms of clothing, with broad implications …