The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of two G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs), the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, and the two main endogenous lipid …

Microglia are key to maintaining the homeostasis of the brain. These immune cells of the
brain can be our biggest ally in fighting infections, but can worsen pathology or hinder …

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has emerged as a potential nutraceutical, because this
compound is naturally produced in many plant and animal food sources, as well as in cells …

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) exert major control over neuronal activity by activating
cannabinoid receptors (CBRs). The functionality of the eCB system is primarily ascribed to …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released by both eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells; they not only serve physiological functions, such as disposal of cellular …

The endocannabinoid system is still poorly understood. Recently, the basic elements that
constitute it, ie, membrane receptors, endogenous ligands, and mechanisms for termination …

During neuroinflammation, activated microglial cells migrate toward dying neurons, where
they exacerbate local cell damage. The signaling molecules that trigger microglial cell …

Arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and arachidonyl-ethanolamide (AEA) are endocannabinoids
that have been implicated in many physiologic disorders, including obesity, metabolic …

Chemical signals, or neurotransmitters, represent the fundamental mode for intercellular
communication in the nervous system. 1 The classical model for neurotransmitter action …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and the most frequent
cause of progressive dementia in senior adults. It is characterized by memory loss and …