Background This position statement provides clinical recommendations for the assessment
of pain, level of sedation, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and delirium in critically ill infants …

OBJECTIVE: To develop comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for critically ill infants
and children, with specific attention to seven domains of care including pain …

Background Systematic reviews of outcome measurement instruments are important tools
for the selection of instruments for research and clinical practice. Our aim was to assess the …

Purpose Pain assessment is the first step in managing pain; however, this can be
challenging, particularly in settings such as the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). This …

Background Valid observational pain scales are needed to assess pain and ensure
sufficient treatment of pain in children that lack the verbal ability to self-report pain …

Objective: To evaluate the impact of sedation guidelines, protocols, and algorithms on
clinical outcomes in PICUs. Data Sources: CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and …

Background: There is limited data about the psychometric properties of the Richmond
Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) in children. This study aims to analyze the validity and …

Introduction: Analgesia and sedation are essential elements in patient care in the intensive
care unit (ICU), in order to promote the control of pain, anxiety and agitation, prevent the loss …

The COMFORT scale is a measurement tool to assess distress, sedation and pain in
nonverbal paediatric patients. Several studies have described the COMFORT scale, but no …

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of a nurse-driven sedation protocol on the length of
mechanical ventilation, total daily doses of sedatives, and complications of sedation. Design …