The last decade has seen rapid progress in understanding of mechanisms coupling the
upper atmosphere (thermosphere and ionosphere) with the atmospheric layers below it …

Abstract The strongest Southern Hemisphere minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in
the last 40 years occurred in September 2019 and resulted in unprecedented weakening of …

The ionosphere represents part of the upper atmosphere. Its variability is observed on a
wide-scale temporal range from minutes, or even shorter, up to scales of the solar cycle and …

The ionospheric weather is affected not only from above by the Sun but also from below by
processes in the lower-lying atmospheric layers. One of the most pronounced atmospheric …

Longitudinal differences of low‐latitudinal ionospheric responses during five major, four
minor, and a none‐stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) winters from 2009 to 2018 …

Multiple observational studies have demonstrated large ionospheric variations during the
daytime associated with sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, but only limited …

Abstract On September 6, 2017, the solar active region AR 2673 emitted two solar flares: the
first at 08: 57 UT (X2. 2) and the second at 11: 53 UT (X9. 3); both were powerful enough to …

The effect of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on the F2 region ionosphere has been
extensively analyzed for the major event of year 2009, apart from a few reports on other …

It has been noticed recently that the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the Brazilian
eastern, middle, and western sectors present significant longitudinal variability within a short …

The present study investigates the ionospheric F region response in the Brazilian sector due
to sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events of 2014. The data used for this work are …