Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable
attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the …

Additive manufacturing (AM), which is based on the principle of layer‐by‐layer shaping and
stacking of discrete materials, has shown significant benefits in the fabrication of …

Large bone defects that cannot form a callus tissue are often faced with long-time recovery.
Developmental engineering-based strategies with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) …

The failure to repair critical‐sized bone defects often leads to incomplete regeneration or
fracture non‐union. Tissue‐engineered grafts have been recognized as an alternative …

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the repair and regeneration of damaged
tissues or organs. Biomaterials are one of the most important components in tissue …

Over the last decade, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted increasing
attention in the field of regenerative medicine. ADSCs appear to be the most advantageous …

Background Bone tissue engineering is a new concept bringing hope for the repair of large
bone defects, which remains a major clinical challenge. The formation of vascularized bone …

The integration of 3D bioprinting and stem cells is of great promise in facilitating the
reconstruction of cranial defects. However, the effectiveness of the scaffolds has been …

Background Hydrogels based on organic/inorganic composites have been at the center of
attention for the fabrication of engineered bone constructs. The establishment of a …

Scaffold-free spheroids offer great potential as a direct supply of cells for bottom-up bone
tissue engineering. However, the building of functional spheroids with both cells and …