Abstract Purpose of Review People living with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS
(PLWHA) experience high prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD). HIV care settings …

Abstract HIV-infected individuals (HIV+) has 2–3 times the rate of tobacco smoking than the
general population, and whether smoking may lead to greater psychiatric symptoms or …

Background Hostility can result in negative outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS
(PLWHA); however, previous research on this topic is far from adequate. To contribute to …

Objective: A growing number of studies indicate increased impulsivity in patients with opioid
dependence (OD). However, few studies exclude concomitant drug use and consider …

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and are living with HIV have reported high rates of
intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use. We examined relationships between …

HIV-infection is associated with neuroinflammation and greater psychopathological
symptoms, which may be mediated by imbalances in the kynurenic pathway (KP). Two key …

Vegetative State (VS) refers to a comatose condition wherein patients show signs of
wakefulness as demonstrated by eye opening but are unable to react to stimuli. It results …

Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can theoretically reduce the
psychosocial harms of opioid dependency. The increasing number of MMT clinics in Iran …

Background: Chronic patients are at greater risk for a psychiatric problem than the normal
population; yet, the increased rate of mental disorder among one chronic patient compared …

The rise and fall of managed care in the 1980s and 1990s saw many hospitals and health
systems in the United States enter and subsequently exit the health insurance market in the …