Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with
nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and …

IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone
metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely …

Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications
have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development,
activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains …

Some recent clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key
factor that interacts with the three neurobiological correlates of major depressive disorder …

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine composed of two subunits, IL-23A (p19)
and IL-12/23B (p40), the latter shared with Interleukin-12 (IL-12). IL-23 is mainly produced …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells controlling T cell activation. In humans, the
diversity, ontogeny, and functional capabilities of DC subsets are not fully understood. Here …

Forty years after its naming, interleukin-1 (IL-1) is experiencing a renaissance brought on by
the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in the clinic. Recent …

Abstract IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Targeting the effector cytokines IL-17 and …

NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular receptor that
senses foreign pathogens and endogenous danger signals. It assembles with apoptosis …