Abstract Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a phylogenetically ancient neurotrophic
hormone with crucial roles to play in CNS development and maturation. Recently, IGF-1 has …

Hubel and Wiesel began the modern study of development and plasticity of primary visual
cortex (V1), discovering response properties of cortical neurons that distinguished them from …

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain. Increasingly, they are recognized as
important mediators of normal neurophysiology, particularly during early development. Here …

Since the discovery of ocular dominance plasticity, neuroscientists have understood that
changes in visual experience during a discrete developmental time, the critical period …

▪ Abstract Neurotrophins regulate development, maintenance, and function of vertebrate
nervous systems. Neurotrophins activate two different classes of receptors, the Trk family of …

Neuronal circuits in the brain are shaped by experience during'critical periods' in early
postnatal life. In the primary visual cortex, this activity-dependent development is triggered …

Experience exerts a profound influence on the brain and, therefore, on behavior. When the
effect of experience on the brain is particularly strong during a limited period in …

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) surround specific neurons in the brain and are involved in various
forms of plasticity and clinical conditions. However, our understanding of the PNN role in …

Adult brain plasticity, although possible, remains more restricted in scope than during
development. Here, we address conditions under which circuit rewiring may be facilitated in …

Sensory experience and learning alter sensory representations in cerebral cortex. The
synaptic mechanisms underlying sensory cortical plasticity have long been sought. Recent …