The field of stress physiology has rapidly expanded, particularly in those fields interested in
identifying chronic stress in wild animals. Despite this expansion, stress remains difficult to …

As the number and diversity of animal species meriting conservation intervention increases,
improving the success of translocation efforts is vital and understanding the role of …

Under most circumstances heart rate (fH) is correlated with the rate of oxygen consumption
(V˙ o2) and hence the rate of energy expenditure or metabolic rate (MR). For over 60years …

The impact of global warming on poultry production has gained significant attention over the
years. However, our current knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms through …

Mammals show clear changes in heart rate linked to lung ventilation, characterized as
respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). These changes are controlled in part by variations in the …

Although stress is usually associated with disease, the physiological and behavioral
responses to stressors are critical mechanisms of resilience for healthy organisms. A recent …

The vertebrate stress response is considered to be a highly conserved suite of responses
that are evolved to help animals survive noxious environmental stimuli. The two major …

Heart rate in vertebrates is controlled by activity in the autonomic nervous system. In
spontaneously active or experimentally prepared animals, inhibitory parasympathetic control …

Reactions to acute stressors are critical for survival. Yet, the challenges of assessing
underlying physiological processes in the field limit our understanding of how variation in …

Although the glucocorticoid response to acute short‐term stress is an adaptive physiological
mechanism that aids in the response to and survival of noxious stimuli, chronic stress is …