Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research,
based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past …

Exposure to stress during critical periods in development can have severe long-term
consequences, increasing overall risk on psychopathology. One of the key stress response …

In the past two decades, much evidence has accumulated unequivocally demonstrating that
child abuse and neglect is associated with a marked increase in risk for major psychiatric …

How do antidepressants elicit an antidepressant response? Here, we review accumulating
evidence that the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serves as a …

Recent scientific and technological advances have brought us closer to being able to apply
a true biopsychosocial approach to the study of resilience in humans. Decades of research …

Within the last decade, research regarding the human gut microbiome has exploded. While
the gastrointestinal tract was once regarded simply as a digestive organ, new technologies …

Early-life stress is a determinant of vulnerability to a variety of disorders that include
dysfunction of the brain and gut. Here we exploit a model of early-life stress, maternal …

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the central
nervous system (CNS). It is essential for the development of the CNS and for neuronal …

Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune modulation through the brain-gut axis likely has a key role
in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The brain-gut axis involves …

Abstract Changes in food composition and availability have contributed to the dramatic
increase in obesity over the past 30–40 years in developed and, increasingly, in developing …