Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian
threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological …

The present review examines key psychological concepts in the study of experimental
extinction and implications these have for an understanding of the underlying neurobiology …

The molecular pathways underlying the induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic
plasticity have been extensively investigated revealing various mechanisms by which …

There has been a longstanding debate on whether original fear memory is inhibited or
erased after extinction. One possibility that reconciles this uncertainty is that the inhibition …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious psychiatric consequence of trauma that
occurs in a proportion of individuals exposed to life-threatening events. Trauma-focused …

Fear conditioning and extinction are behavioral models that reflect the association and
dissociation of environmental cues to aversive outcomes, both known to involve the lateral …

Although much work has investigated the contribution of brain regions such as the
amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex to the processing of fear learning and …

Previous research suggests that morphology and arborization of dendritic spines change as
a result of fear conditioning in cortical and subcortical brain regions. This study uniquely …

Reconsolidation and extinction are two processes occurring upon memory retrieval that
have received great attention in memory research over the last decade, partly due to their …

Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to improve memory and cognition and modulate
the impact of aversive stimuli in animals, promoting the development of resilience to stressful …