Attribution is central to the debate on how to respond to cyber intrusions. The policy
challenge is increasingly moving from identifying who is behind a cyber intrusion to finding …

Public attributions of cyber incidents by governments and private industry have become
prevalent in recent years. This article argues that they display a skewed version of cyber …

ABSTRACT Since 2016, platforms like Facebook, Google and Twitter have scaled up their
efforts to meet a plethora of security and geopolitical challenges. They have gradually …

Attribution is central to cybersecurity politics. It establishes a link between technical
occurrences and political consequences by reducing the uncertainty about who is behind an …

The universe of actors involved in international cybersecurity includes both state actors and
semi-and non-state actors, including technology companies, state-sponsored hackers, and …

This article traces the evolution of interpretations of international law and international cyber
norms on responsible state behaviour in cyberspace by reassessing five major–and …

The objective of this paper is to articulate the problem of attribution in cyber warfare
incidents, including, surveillance, data theft, espionage, and misinformation campaigns. As …

In recent years, cyberattacks have cost firms countless billions of dollars, undermined
consumer privacy, distorted world geopolitics, and even resulted in death and bodily harm …

Businesses are under attack. State and non-state adversaries are assaulting companies
using drones, mercenaries, cyberweapons, sanctions, and restrictions. Instead of military …

We might expect international law to specifically address cyber attribution requirements due
to the significance of attribution in framing the legal responsibility of States and the …