Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

The first major scientific discovery of the Space Age was that the Earth is enshrouded in
toroids, or belts, of very high-energy magnetically trapped charged particles. Early …

This paper describes the recommended solar forcing dataset for CMIP6 and highlights
changes with respect to CMIP5. The solar forcing is provided for radiative properties, namely …

Precipitation of energetic particles into the atmosphere greatly disturbs the chemical
composition from the upper stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. Most important are …

The transition between the middle atmosphere and the thermosphere is known as the MLT
region (for mesosphere and lower thermosphere). This area has some characteristics that …

Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) from the Earth's outer radiation belt continuously
affects the chemical composition of the polar mesosphere. EEP can contribute to catalytic …

In atmospheric and space environment studies it is key to understand and to quantify the
coupling of atmospheric regions and the solar impacts on the whole atmosphere system …

Major geomagnetic storms are caused by unusually intense solar wind southward magnetic
fields that impinge upon the Earth's magnetosphere (Dungey, 1961). How can we predict the …

One of the atmospheric constituents that can be retrieved from observations by the Sounding
of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the …

Downwelling of air in the high latitude winter middle atmosphere causes perturbations in
chemical composition. Species with sources in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere …