Many key advances in our understanding of firefly biology and signaling have been made
over the past two decades. Here we review this recent research, which includes new …

Covering: 1951 to 2022 Packed with nutrients and unable to escape, eggs are the most
vulnerable stage of an animal's life cycle. Consequently, many species have evolved …

For centuries, the beauty of fireflies has evoked wonder and delight. Yet for most of us,
fireflies remain shrouded in mystery: How do fireflies make their light? What are they saying …

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights certain insects in which foreplay is a sexually
selective process involving assessment by the female of certain male traits that are a …

Simple Summary Adults of most fireflies do not feed, except for the females of several
species of Photuris, which eat males of other firefly species. In most cases, female Photuris …

Within and among populations, alkaloid defenses of the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga
pumilio) vary spatially, temporally, and with life history stage. Natural variation in defense …

Bioluminescence most likely evolved under selection from the visually guided behaviours of
co-occurring organisms, in particular that of predators. Many possible functions of light …

Fireflies were believed to originally evolve their novel bioluminescence as warning signals
to advertise their toxicity to predators, which was later adopted in adult mating. Although the …

Cantharoid beetles are distinctive for their leathery soft elytra and conspicuous color or
bioluminescence, and many of the members are equipped with chemical defenses. Thus …

Rhabdophis tigrinus obtains defensive steroids (bufadienolides) from its diet and sequesters
those compounds in specialized structures on its neck known as nuchal glands. Hatchling …