Tumor relapse and metastasis are the primary causes of poor survival rates in patients with
advanced cancer despite successful resection or chemotherapeutic treatment. A primary …

Imaging of brain metastases (BMs) has advanced greatly over the past decade. In this
review, we discuss the main challenges that BMs pose in clinical practice and describe the …

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and about 6% of the
estimated cancer diagnoses this year will be melanoma cases. Melanomas are derived from …

Background The incidence of skin cancers has been increasing steadily over the last
decades. Although there have been significant breakthroughs in the management of skin …

Metastasis is an intricate process whereby tumor cells migrate from the primary tumor,
survive in the circulation, seed distal organs, and proliferate to create metastatic foci. CD8+ T …

Cancer staging is the process determining to which extent a cancer has spread and where it
is located in the body. A thorough staging is of utmost importance, not only because it …

Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) spread systemically yet distinct patterns of metastasis
indicate a range of tissue susceptibility to metastatic colonization. Distinctions between …

Small extracellular vesicles (sEV or exosomes) are nanovesicles (30–150 nm) released
both in vivo and in vitro by most cell types. Tumor cells produce sEV called TEX and …

Simple Summary A big part of the increased incidence of melanoma can be attributed to
thin, cutaneous melanomas (≤ 1 mm Breslow thickness), which can rarely progress. The …

In veterinary oncologic specimens, histopathology is the gold standard for determining
adequacy of excision. Despite limitations of this technique, the pathologist's interpretation of …