The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of
forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water …

The beneficial effects of exercise on brain function have been demonstrated in animal
models and in a growing number of clinical studies on humans. There are multiple …

The ability to rapidly adapt to novel situations is essential for survival, and this flexibility is
impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding whether and how novelty …

Forebrain dopamine circuitry has traditionally been studied by two largely independent
specialist groups: students of Parkinson's disease who study the nigrostriatal dopamine …

It is only recently that a number of studies on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and
other brain areas have considered that a heterosynaptic modulatory input could be recruited …

Dopaminergic mechanisms participate in N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐
dependent neuroplasticity, as animal experiments have shown. This may be similar in …

Hebbian learning models require that neurons are able to both strengthen and weaken their
synaptic connections. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, in the form of long-term potentiation …

The term neuroplasticity encompasses structural and functional modifications of neuronal
connectivity. Abnormal neuroplasticity is involved in various neuropsychiatric diseases, such …

The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) has multiple modes of action on neuroplasticity
induction and modulation, depending on subreceptor specificity, concentration level, and the …

Insights into the Role of Dopamine Receptor Systems in Learning and Memory Page 1 ©
Freund & Pettman, UK Reviews in the Neurosciences, 18, 37-66 (2007) Insights into the Role …