Cumulative human impacts across the world's oceans are considerable. We therefore
examined a single model taxonomic group, the penguins (Spheniscidae), to explore how …

We review present understanding of the spatial and temporal diet variability
(trophodynamics) of a range of pelagic marine top predators, at both early and adult life …

The Benguela system is one of the four major eastern boundary upwelling systems of the
world. It is unusual as there are two stratified subtropical or warm temperate boundary …

Summary 1 Remote‐sensing measurements of marine primary productivity are widely used
to predict the distribution and movements of marine top predators, despite the fact that …

Overfishing and human-induced climate change are putting severe pressure on marine
ecosystems. In the southern Benguela, most of South Africa's commercial fisheries have a …

Penguins face a wide range of threats. Most observed population changes have been
negative and have happened over the last 60 years. Today, populations of 11 penguin …

The number of African penguins Spheniscus demersus breeding in South Africa collapsed
from about 56 000 pairs in 2001 to some 21 000 pairs in 2009, a loss of 35 000 pairs (> …

Climate change and fisheries are transforming the oceans, but we lack a complete
understanding of their ecological impact [1–3]. Environmental degradation can cause …

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems is a
powerful tool for classifying threatened ecosystems, informing ecosystem management, and …

The influence of climate variability on Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems (EBUEs) is
evident through changes in productivity and shifts in species' distributions, yet to date …