Abstract Background Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are biotoxins derived from harmful
algal blooms and cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). PSTs are widely found in …

Highlights•Biotoxins pose a major threat for the health of seafood consumers
worldwide.•Emerging shellfish toxins and fish poisonings are of particular concern at …

Saxitoxin is a cyanotoxin which is very harmful to human health; the concentration limit in
drinking water is only 3 μg/L. Therefore, a simple, fast, sensitive, low-cost, and specific …

Climate change is enhancing the frequency of cyanobacterial blooms not only during
summer but also in spring and autumn, leading to increased ecological impacts. The …

The increasing occurrence of saxitoxins in freshwaters is becoming a concern for water
treatment facilities owing to its structural properties which make it resistant to oxidation at …

The cyanobacterial toxin saxitoxin (STX) is mainly associated with the blooms of marine
dinoflagellates, but it is also produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria. So …

The proliferation of Raphidiopsis raciborskii blooms has sparked concerns regarding
potential human exposure to heightened saxitoxins (STXs) levels. Thus, comprehending …

Saxitoxin (STX) is a highly toxic marine bio-toxin, which has attracted great attention in the
field of environmental and food safety. It is of crucial importance to develop efficient …

Marine phycotoxins are organic compounds synthesized by some species of microalgae,
which accumulate in the tissues of filter-feeder organisms such as bivalve mollusks. These …

The proliferation of cyanobacteria has become a significant water management challenge
due to the increasing eutrophication of water supply reservoirs. Cyanobacterial blooms …