Metal toxicants which affect the immune system may contribute to an increased incidence of
autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. In the recent past, there has been a …

Receptor-activated Ca2+ channels (RACCs) play a central role in regulation of the functions
of animal cells. Together with voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and ligand-gated …

Th cell subsets have unique calcium (Ca 2+) signals when activated with identical stimuli.
The regulation of these Ca 2+ signals and their correlation to the biological function of each …

The heavy metal mercury is ubiquitously distributed in the environment resulting in
permanent low‐level exposure in human populations. Mercury can be encountered in three …

Engagement of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) during antigen presentation initiates a
coordinated action of a large number of signaling proteins and ion channels. AHNAK1 is a …

Calcium ion is a universal signaling intermediate, which is known to control various
biological processes. In excitable cells, voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav) are the major …

In T lymphocytes, calcium ion controls a variety of biological processes including
development, survival, proliferation, and effector functions. These distinct and specific roles …

The clinical manifestations observed in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-
infected patients are primarily due to the capacity of the virus and its components to …

Autoreactive T cells exist in healthy individuals and represent a potential reservoir of
pathogenic effectors which, when stimulated by microbial adjuvants, could trigger an …

Abstract In Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, activation begins with identical stimuli but results in
the production of different cytokines. The expression of some cytokine genes is differentially …