Neurotransmitters are biochemical molecules that transmit a signal from a neuron across the
synapse to a target cell, thus being essential to the function of the central and peripheral …

Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids.
They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor …

Neurochemical events involving biosignals of different time and space dimensionalities
constitute the complex basis of neurological functions and diseases. In view of this fact …

Exosomes secreted from cells carry rich information from their parent cells, representing a
promising biomarker for investigation of diseases. We develop a dual-nanopore biosensor …

Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter, which not only participates in the
regulation of neural processes but also plays critical roles in tumor progression and …

Measuring the activity of low-abundance enzymes, down to a few molecules in one living
cell, is important but challenging to elucidate their biological function. Here, an …

Carbon is a popular electrode material for neurotransmitter detection due to its good
electrochemical properties, high biocompatibility, and inert chemistry. Traditional carbon …

Dopamine is a key catecholamine in the brain and kidney, where it is involved in a number
of physiological functions such as locomotion, cognition, emotion, endocrine regulation, and …

Facile access to new one-walled meso-substituted phenylboronic acid-functionalized calix
[4] pyrrole (C4P) has been revealed for the first time, starting from cost-effective and easily …

life science, clinical diagnostics, drug development, etc. Recent years have witnessed the
emergence of innovative analytical methods with high sensitivity and spatial-temporal …