LEACH routing protocol equalizes the energy consumption of the network by randomly
selecting cluster head nodes in a loop, which will lead to the defect of unstable network …

In recent times, the deployment of wireless sensor networks becomes important in
revolutionary areas such as smart cities, environmental monitoring, smart transportation, and …

Lifetime is a vital performance metric for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), with current
hierarchical routing protocols suffering from the premature death of overloaded nodes …

In wireless sensor networks, reasonable clustering and routing are keys to efficient energy
utilization. However, the selection of cluster heads and routes is NP-hard. Most of the …

Abstract Machine Learning (ML) is growing in popularity and is applied in numerous fields to
solve complex problems. Opportunistic Networks are a type of Ad-hoc Network where a …

Clustering protocols in wireless sensors networks (WSN) have dominated as a tailored
routing protocols to harvest and route data from sensor nodes to the sink station. A lot of …

The cluster head of LEACH algorithm was selected randomly in WSNs. It effects the
distribution of clusters for the shadowing effect of obstruction in real scenarios. The network …

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are generally deployed with low-cost devices
that have low power consumption and small-size sensor nodes. They can be used in several …

In this work, a new hybrid clustering routing protocol is proposed to prolong network life time
through detecting holes and edges nodes. The detection process attempts to generate a …

In this paper an analytical model of the optimal number of clusters and the corresponding
optimal probability are derived for different types of 3D WSN settings utilizing singlehop …