Synzoochory is the dispersal of seeds by seed-caching animals. The animal partner in this
interaction plays a dual role, acting both as seed disperser and seed predator. We propose …

Zoochory is an ecologically and evolutionarily important seed dispersal type. The decline
and extinction of seed-dispersing large herbivores severely threatens dispersal-driven …

Abstract In Central-Western Spain, forests and woodlands composed of Quercus sp. support
outstanding levels of biodiversity, but there is increasing concern about their long-term …

Factors affecting the ecological balance between seed predation and effective seed
dispersal remain unclear. We studied the contribution of scatter-hoarding rodents to effective …

Quercus ilex (holm oak) is one of the most representative trees in the Mediterranean basin,
but now the sustainability of its ecosystems is at serious risk due to the lack of natural …

Mediterranean-climate oak woodlands, including those in North America and in the
Mediterranean basin, are human-shaped ecosystems with high biodiversity value, which …

Wild ungulate populations have increased dramatically in the last decades, limiting tree
regeneration. However, how different types of shrubs (chemically vs. physically-defended) …

The future of the montado, a human shaped agro-forestry ecosystem of South Western
Europe, is questioned due to the observed lack of cork oak health and low natural …

While antagonistic interactions between plants have been a major topic of eco-evolutionary
research, little evidence exists on the evolution of positive plant interactions (ie, plant …

Somatic embryogenesis from in vitro leaf and shoot apex explants excised from axillary
shoot cultures established from two mature Quercus ilex trees has been developed. Somatic …