Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-
negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from …

The Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer
membrane that plays a key role in host–pathogen interactions with the innate immune …

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are surface carbohydrate polymers present in most bacteria
acting as a protective surface layer but also interacting with the surrounding environment …

Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the
most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with …

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by dendritic cells are crucial for tailoring immune
responses to pathogens. Following pathogen binding, CLRs trigger distinct signalling …

How can probiotic bacteria transduce their health benefits to the host? Bacterial cell surface
macromolecules are key factors in this beneficial microorganism–host crosstalk, as they can …

Nearly half of the world's population harbors helminth infections or suffers from allergic
disorders. A common feature of this population is the so-called “type 2 immune response,” …

Multicellular organisms possess very sophisticated defense mechanisms that are designed
to effectively counter the continual microbial insult of the environment within the vertebrate …

Pathogen recognition by C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by dendritic cells is
important not only for antigen presentation, but also for the induction of appropriate adaptive …

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) detect molecular signatures of microbes and initiate
immune responses to infection. Prototypical PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signal …